What are cilia in bacteria?

Cilia in bacteria refer to slender, hair-like extensions that play crucial roles in their movement and interaction with the environment. These extensions are typically much shorter than flagella and cover the bacterial surface, aiding in locomotion through a coordinated wave-like motion. They can also assist in adhering to surfaces or other cells, enabling bacteria to establish connections or promote colonization.

Understanding the structure and function of cilia is essential as they help bacteria navigate their surroundings, impacting their survival and ability to form biofilms. Unlike flagella, which are longer and more whip-like, cilia provide a different mode of movement and surface interaction that is vital in various microbial environments. The other options, such as rod-like or thick structures, do not accurately describe the nature of cilia in bacteria, distinguishing their unique characteristics.